English has 4 different types of sentences with different functions. The function dictates the order of the key clause elements within the sentence. The 4 types of sentences are:
- statement – this is the most common form of sentence. It uses a standard order of subject → verb → object or subject → verb → adjunct (adverb or prepositional phrase)
The clerk
[subject] delivered
[verb] the mail
[object].
The time [subject] passed [verb] like lightning [adjunct/prepositional phrase].
- command – a command usually begins with a verb and leaves out the subject
Stay
[verb (imperative)] still [
adverb]!
Consider [verb] the alternative [object].
- question – questions take 2 forms
- open questions, which start with Where? When? Which? Who? or How? to elicit information
- closed questions, where often only yes or no answers are expected
When did you arrive? How did you get here?
[open questions requiring further information]
Was the train on time? Have you had lunch yet? [closed questions with yes/no answer]
- exclamation – exclamations are usually short phrases. They can begin with question words such as What or How, but can take other forms, especially in less formal writing
How time flies! What a good idea! Here we go! Nothing like it! No way!
