Use initial capitals for formal names of influences on climate:
El Niño La Niña El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) North Atlantic Oscillation Subtropical Ridge (STR) Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) Southern Annular Mode (SAM) [related to wind] East Coast Low (ECL) Madden–Julian Oscillation East Australian Current Intertropical Convergence Zone
When referring to El Niño and La Niña, be sure to include the diacritical tilde on the second n.
How to insert the ñ character:
In Windows, use Ctrl+Shift+~, followed by N (after releasing the other 3 keys); use Alt+0241 on the numerical keypad; or insert from the symbol set (special characters). On a Mac, use Option+N, followed by N (after releasing the other 2 keys).
Other weather terms and systems are in lower case:
low-pressure system cold front depression trough
Use lower case when referring to meteorological phenomena:
aurora borealis northern lights aurora australis southern lights meteor shower geomagnetic storm
Latin terms such as ‘aurora borealis’ and ‘aurora australis’ are not italicised.
