All social science inquiry is conducted within a framework of pre-existing assumptions and vocabulary. Some readers doubt that objective truth is possible in the social sciences. This scepticism may have been heightened in recent years with a well-publicised series of failures to replicate the results of previously accepted and high-profile studies (the ‘replication crisis’).
Whether settled truth can be reached or not, writing in these disciplines should get as close as possible to a set of objective facts. You are more likely to convince your readers that your argument is sound using the following:
- The right questions. Your question frames the argument, so establishing the right question is a critical first step to compelling social sciences writing. The motivating question of your writing should be articulated clearly.
- Rigorous analysis. Use empirical procedures that are accepted in a specific discipline – an appropriate selection of quantitative, qualitative or mixed methodologies for the context.
- Transparent data and evidence. One of the results of the replication crisis has been a push towards ‘open data’. If appropriate and ethical, provide the data itself, along with information about the source, so that readers can assess the validity and robustness of your conclusions.
- Clear and accurate language. Acknowledge the limitations of your argument and state when something cannot be conclusively proven; avoid overclaiming and overgeneralising, or using inappropriately definitive language.
As you write, keep in mind the possible responses to your arguments, and either forestall criticism with further supporting evidence or acknowledge the weaknesses of your case.
